![]() states revealed that induced earthquakes elicited more negative feelings than equivalent but naturally occurring earthquakes. 19, 20 An online survey of 325 participants from 40 U.S. 18 Second, people apparently judge man-made hazards as more provocative than those that occur naturally. First, environmental disasters (e.g., large earthquakes) induce psychological distress, especially anxiety. 14– 17 The contribution of injection-induced earthquakes to these associations has not, however, been empirically explored despite two circumstances that suggest a link. 10Īlthough many factors-economic, political, and social-appear to shape public opinion regarding unconventional natural gas production, 11– 13 individuals living near production facilities have reported reduced life satisfaction, social stress, negative psychological states, and disruption in sense of place. Cars rock noticeably, dishes and windows may shift, and if at night some individuals will awaken. 9 A ≥ M 4 quake feels like a heavy truck striking a building. ![]() 8 In 2010, Oklahoma experienced two earthquakes ≥ M 4 by 2016, it experienced 21. 6– 8 By 2014, the percent of ≥ magnitude ( M) 3 earthquakes associated with wastewater injection wells reached 98% in the central and eastern United States. 4, 5 Fluid injection, particularly at high rates, can induce earthquakes. 5 Well operators usually inject wastewater into class II injection wells to enhance oil and gas recovery or for disposal. 3, 4 In Oklahoma, oil and gas production returned 35 billion liters of wastewater to the surface in 2007. Each of the approximately 300,000 hydraulically fractured or “fracked” wells in the United States 2 requires initial injection of 6–20 million liters of water. 1 Access to previously undeveloped shale formations through horizontal and directional drilling and pressurized high-volume hydraulic fracturing has fueled this increase. 1.9 earthquake - 14 mi north of Ardmore, Carter County, Oklahoma, USA, on Wednesday, at 4:41 pm (GMT -5).United States natural gas production increased by 40% and crude oil by 82% from 2006 to 2016. The strongest earthquake in Oklahoma in the past 48 hours occurred 2 hours and 6 minutes ago: Minor mag. What was the strongest quake in Oklahoma in the past 48 hours? In the past 48 hours, Oklahoma, USA had 6 quakes up to magnitude 1.9. How many quakes were there in Oklahoma in the past 48 hours? 1.9 earthquake - 14 mi north of Ardmore, Carter County, Oklahoma, USA, on Wednesday, at 4:41 pm (GMT -5). The last earthquake in Oklahoma occurred 2 hours and 6 minutes ago: Minor mag. ( Source: USGS) When was the latest earthquake in Oklahoma? In Oklahoma over 90% of the wastewater that is injected comes as a byproduct of oil extraction process and not waste frack fluid. According to USGS scientists, the vast majority of the recent quakes in Oklahoma were caused by the industrial practice known as "wastewater disposal".ĭuring wastewater disposal fluid waste from oil and gas production is pumped deep underground at depths far below ground water or drinking water aquifers. Although it does play a role, the process of fracking seems not to be the main culprit. Most of the earthquakes in Oklahoma are caused, directly or indirectly, by oil and gas exploration. USGS published a statistics showing that during 2014-17, Oklahoma surpassed California in the number of quake of magnitude 3 and higher. (image: USGS)īeginning in 2009, seismic activity in Oklahoma has been seeing a surge in seismicity. California earthquake counts are shown as a blue bar and Oklahoma earthquake counts are shown as a red bar. Bar graph showing the number of M3+ Earthquakes in Oklahoma vs California from 1990 to 2019. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |